2008年9月25日星期四

胡炳峰免疫学作业

检测未知病毒的中和实验

胡冰峰

一、实验目的

1学习细胞培养的具体步骤

2利用中和实验来确定未知病毒。

二、中和实验原理

特异性的血清中和抗体与病毒结合后能使病毒失去对敏感细胞的感染能力从而阻止病毒的繁殖。这一反应不但表现为一种病毒只能被相应的免疫血清所中和而且还表现在中和一定量的病毒必须有一定效价的免疫血清。中和试验以测定病毒的感染力为基础必须选用对病毒敏感的细胞、动物或鸡胚鹅胚为实验材料中和抗体滴度的判定以比较病毒受免疫血清中和后的残存感染力为依据。

实验器材及试剂

器材移液管,毛细吸管,1.5mlEP管,小试剂瓶,青霉素瓶、盖,棕色磨口瓶及盖。眼科剪,弯头眼科镊,注射器,一次性口罩及头套,一次性针头式加压塑料小滤器,100-150ml三角烧瓶,酒精灯,细胞培养瓶,96孔细胞培养板细胞计数板,量筒,容量瓶,烧杯,玻璃滤器,培养皿,细胞记数显微镜倒置荧光显微镜,CO2培养箱,真空泵,移液枪、枪头,脱脂棉,胶头,胶管,酸度计,吸耳球,橡胶塞,试管架,绳子,纸张(牛皮纸、硫酸纸),记号笔,打火机。

试剂DMEM小牛血清12-13日龄鹅胚双抗青霉素链霉素),胰蛋白消化酶。

实验步骤

鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)的制备

1、实验前准备工作清洗玻璃器皿和实验所用其他器材。高温杀毒灭菌。

2、从孵化箱中取出12-13日龄鹅胚,照蛋选取健康鹅胚,分别用碘酒和酒精棉球擦拭消毒晾干。

3、在细胞培养实验室中无菌去除头爪和内脏,并剪成块,用Hank`s液充分冲洗后,移入广口瓶中,用眼科剪将其剪成1毫米大小的碎块,加入Hank`s液充分冲洗,并静置几分钟,待组织块下沉,吸弃上层液体,再加洗液,如此反复冲洗2-3次后,吸弃上清液。取0.25%胰酶洗1次,吸弃后于沉淀组织块内加入约5-10倍量的0.25%胰,调整pH至7.6-7.8,振荡混匀后置37℃水浴中感作30分钟,每10分钟轻轻摇动一次。取出后小心吸弃上层胰酶溶液,用洗液轻洗2次后,即在洗液中以大口吸管吹打数次,此时即见大量细胞游离,液体变混浊,加生长液吹打,用纱布过滤,按50万细胞/ml浓度分装于100ml的细胞培养瓶。

4、在培养瓶的侧面做好标记:培养物的名称、组号和日期。接种时,在25ml培养瓶中先加入1.5ml培养液,再接种1ml细胞悬液,用吸管轻轻混匀细胞后加盖瓶塞。持瓶作上下、左右十字形水平晃动后,移入37℃、5%CO2温箱中培养。

病毒滴定测定

1、培养板培养:待制备的GEF长成均匀的单层后需要换维持液,取下培养板的盖子,用吸管吸取一定量的细胞悬液加到96孔细胞培养板各孔每孔约6万个细胞200μlDMEM培养液盖上盖子,温箱培养

2测定TCID50(细胞培养半数感染量)再次长成单层后倒掉液体加入用维持液做10递增稀释的病毒液1010 每个病毒稀释度做3孔平行每孔10μl,补维持液直至100μl,3孔对照。用封口胶小心封板放入37℃5%CO2培养箱中,培养一周观察细胞病变的形态并作记录

TCID50 = 高于50%死亡率的病毒稀释度的对数+距离比值×稀释倍数(10)的对数

   距离比值=(高于50%死亡率-50)/高于50%死亡率  -低于50%死亡率

3用100 TCID50的病毒稀释液50μl与等量的血清混合在37℃水浴锅中感作1h,将其混合液100μl加入细胞培养板中,补维持液至200μl同时做细胞对照,标准阳性血清+抗原对照,被检血清毒性对照,用封口胶封口,培养箱培养。

4观察细胞病变情况

五、实验结果

培养板有些孔内呈现明显的细胞圆缩脱落的细胞病变。而阴性对照未出现任何细胞病变。

距离比例 =(56%-50%)/(56%-33%)=0.26

本病毒高于50%病毒稀释度的对数为-6,距离比例为0.26,稀释系数的对数为-1

1  TCID50计算接种剂量50μl)

病毒稀释度

接种数

CPE

CPE

累 计

CPE

百分数(%)

CPE

CPE

10-2

8

8

0

39

0

39/39

100

10-3

8

8

0

31

0

31/31

100

10-4

8

7

1

23

1

23/24

96

10-5

8

5

3

15

4

15/19

79

10-6

8

4

4

10

8

10/18

56

10-7

8

4

4

6

12

6/18

33

10-8

8

2

6

2

18

2/20

10

10-9

8

0

8

0

26

0/26

0

 

IgTCID50 = -6+0.26×(-1)= -6.3

TCID50=10-6.3即病毒作10-6.3稀释每孔接种50μL可使半数组织细胞发生病变。

中和试验结果并未出现细胞病变可见待检的未知病毒为小鹅瘟病毒。

 

六、实验总结

通过本次实验基本上达到了实验目的的要求掌握了细胞培养的步骤。但是同时伴随着实验的进展也出现了以前所没有想到的问题要争取在以后的实验操作中避免再次出现类似错误。对于细胞培养来说实验操作过程中的污染问题最为严重因此良好的实验操作可以减少污染的机会并且节约了时间与实验经费。

1、无菌实验室的使用规范以前并没有觉得有什么太多的问题但是通过老师同学的讲解明白了错误的操作规范造成的问题以及会带来那些后果。

2、无菌操作台的使用规范。比如操作台仓门不能开得过高手臂能够自由活动即可否则造成实验污染的机率就会增大。

3、在打开培养瓶前应用医用酒精在酒精灯附近搽拭瓶口然后再慢慢打开瓶盖并小心勿使液体流出。封口时操作也应在靠近酒精灯进行相关操作。

4时刻保持桌面布局合理。加样时候不能在其他器材上操作加样枪头如果接触到瓶口瓶壁应更换枪头。

5、病毒滴定过程中应设立对照组才能保证实验的准确性。

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